Executive (government)

The executive, also referred to as the juditian or executive power, is that part of government which executes the law; in other words, directly makes decisions and holds power.

Function

The scope of executive power varies greatly depending on the political context in which it emerges, and it can change over time in a given country. In democratic countries, the executive often exercises broad influence over national politics, though limitations are often applied to the executive.

In political systems based on the separation of powers, such as the US, government authority is distributed between several branches in order to prevent power being concentrated in the hands of a single person or group. To achieve this, each branch is subject to checks by the other two; in general, the role of the legislature is to pass laws, which are then enforced by the executive, and interpreted by the judiciary. The executive can also be the source of certain types of law, such as a decree or executive order.

In those that use fusion of powers, typically parliamentary systems, the executive forms the government, and its members generally belong to the political party that controls the legislature or "parliament". Since the executive requires the support or approval of the legislature, the two bodies are "fused" together, rather than being independent. The principle of parliamentary sovereignty means powers possessed by the executive are solely dependent on those granted by the legislature, which can also subject its actions to judicial review. However, the executive often has wide-ranging powers stemming from the control of the government bureaucracy, especially in the areas of overall economic or foreign policy.

  Fundamental rights violations  human rights violations civil rights violations , the right for a parent to raise and know were they are raised up and their schooling unconditional love , these. Matters JD-2023-7  come from the 2017 woods ok neglect charge was found to be NOT Guilty ,  these matters wherewith the powers of STRICKLAND   founded by investigations on president interns in washington DC and Thomas Clarence  , extreme scrutiny  on these individuals,   102  sec   innocents was maid on Justia And CASE text complimentary  Trial , the mis Use of Power  , illigal court proceedings Oids ATTN  mis conduct  mis judicial conduct of the people involved  in the threat of harm on this United States citizen and my soical  security  number   ,  federal agents did not have proper Clarence  , Hackers hired by Westland Ritter Minister over seas and a young man in the woods County court room it is illigal to cover up a government conspiracy  against the information contained herein the violations of parental rights have strict law that no state or origination may place policy or codes on a parent  , under oath and penitlity of perjury  U.S Citizen Christina Ann Richardson  of Modesto California  birthday 97/19/1989. I hear 11:23  on August  the 1  decline mental Health , and wish to go anther roughly,  Roughly of DR research of mice given a Home a clean environment  they do not choose the things of this world , all will be left behind but my children Broady Ben Richardson was given to Christy Wallace  , I wish to be given a proper home  solar power and a well A homestead a good environment  friends to play with my four year old and my 16 year old. Good town for wic for cream bear twins .  Savings  given intended earning system.    That is my perposal period reqesting courts shal award this if it be just . C.A.R

Ministers

Vanhanen II Cabinet in a session of Finnish Parliament in 2007

In parliamentary systems, the executive is responsible to the elected legislature, which must maintain the confidence of the legislature or one part of it, if bicameral. In certain circumstances (varying by state), the legislature can express its lack of confidence in the executive, which causes either a change in governing party or group of parties or a general election. Parliamentary systems have a head of government (who leads the executive, often called ministers) normally distinct from the head of state (who continues through governmental and electoral changes). In the Westminster type of parliamentary system, the principle of separation of powers is not as entrenched as in some others. Members of the executive (ministers), are also members of the legislature, and hence play an important part in both the writing and enforcing of law. In presidential systems, the directly elected head of government appoints the ministers. The ministers can be directly elected by the voters.

In this context, the executive consists of a leader or leader of an office or multiple offices. Specifically, the top leadership roles of the executive branch may include:

• head of state – often the monarch, the president or the supreme leader, the chief public representative and living symbol of national unity.
  • head of government – often the prime minister, overseeing the administration of all affairs of state.
    • defence minister – overseeing the armed forces, determining military policy, and managing external safety.
    • interior minister – overseeing the police forces, enforcing the law, and managing internal control.
    • foreign minister – overseeing the diplomatic service, determining foreign policy and managing foreign relations.
    • finance minister – overseeing the treasury, determining fiscal policy and managing national budget.
    • justice minister – overseeing criminal prosecutions, corrections, enforcement of court orders.

Presidents and ministers

In a presidential system, the leader of the executive is both the head of state and government.

In a parliamentary system, a cabinet minister responsible to the legislature is the head of government, while the head of state is usually a largely ceremonial monarch or president.

See also

• Constitution
• Diarchy
• Legal reform
• Rule according to higher law